Fluid burner with auxiliary



J. M. CROWE Re. 23,372

FLUID BURNER WITH AUXILIARY EXTERNAL oxmsm SUPPLY June 5, 1951 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Aug. 5, 194'? INVENTOR. c/O/l/V MARS/M11(pan/5 g z K an R J. M. CROWE June 5, 1951 FLUID BURNER'WITH AUXILIARYEXTERNAL OXYGEN SUPPLY 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Aug. 5, 1947 YINVENTOR. c/o/m Mwsfi/uz 6mm? fltgy.

Reissued June 5, 1 951 p Re. 23,372

FLUID BURNER WITH AUXILIARY EXTERNAL OXYGEN SUPPLY John Marshall Crowe,Covington, Ky.

Original No. 2,484,272, dated October 11, 1949, Se-

rial No. 766,279, August 5, 1947.

Application for reissue August 30, 1950, Serial No. 182,224

Matter enclosed in heavy brackets appears in the original patent butforms no part of this reissue specification; matter printed in italicsindicates the additions made by reissue.

Claims.

The present invention relates to a burner of the type adapted for use inthe operation of open hearth furnaces for the manufacture of steel, orfor the melting of iron and other products requiring application of hightemperatures.

An object of the invention is to provide a highly effective burner ofthe class referred to, using oxygen as a fuel supplement.

Another object is to produce a burner utilizing oxygen under highpressure, to gain a maximum heating eificiency of the burner, withconservation of fuel as one of the advantages.

A further object is to provide a burner of the character described,which is structurally improved to gain maximum durability, efliciency,and economy in the operation thereof; so that in the manufacture ofcommodities such as steel in various forms, use of the improved burnerreduces the smelting time by several hours with a resultant reduction ofcost in labor, fuel, and furnace maintenance.

Another object is to provide new and improved structural features in aburner of the class described, which reduce the cost of materials andlabor in assembly, so that the burner may be substituted for other andless efficient equipment without prohibitive expense.

The foregoing and other objects are attained by the means disclosedherein and illustrated upon the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the improved burner, the support forwhich is fragmentally illustrated. I

Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the burnerillustrated by Fig. 1, a section thereof being removed to conserve spaceupon the drawing.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a fragmental side elevational view look ing from right toleft, at the valve illustrated by Fig. 4.

Burners of the general character herein disclosed, have been referred toin the steel industry as artillery type burners. In the use of suchburners, the fuels commonly employed were oil, pitch, combustible gassuch as illuminating gas or natural gas, with steam or air underpressure employed to produce a blast at the nose of the burner. Whenused in connection with open hearth furnaces, the burners are requiredto so project a flame, that combustion will occur chiefly within thehearth and upon the melt. Accordingly, it is desirable that the hottestportion of the flame be made to occur at a substantial distance from theburner nose. Burners which operate in any manner contrary to that whichis described, are objectionable for the reason that they inducepremature deterioration of the furnace lining.

Up to the present time, there has been considerable opportunity offeredfor the improvement of artillery type burners. The majority of burnerspresently in use have been found wanting in efficiency and economy ofoperation, and one of the objectives of the present invention is toobviate those objections. The improved burner of this invention hasproven in practice, to greatly reduce the smelting period, with a veryconsiderable saving in fuel and labor. It is therefore to be expectedthat the cost of producing steel in its various forms, will be greatlyreduced with the installation of this burner.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, the body of the burner isindicated at I, and may consist of a long tube supported intermediateits ends by means of a yoke 8 resting upon the trunnion block 9. Theburner body or tube 1 forms the outer wall of a water jacket IE3 thatextends throughout the length of the body. The inner wall of the waterjacket is formed by a tube I2 which is preferably concentric with thetube 1,

this inner tube 12 being properly referred to also as the gas tube sinceit conveys gas from the rear end of the burner to the open nose l3thereof. The gas is fed to the open rear end of the gas tube l2 by wayof a gas manifold M whose chamber 15 communicates with the gas tube andwith a supply pipe l6 suitably connected to a source of supply.

At the forward end of the burner, the gas tube I2 is provided with aweld indicated at I! which provides a sealed joint with the nose [8 ofthe burner, the nose being welded to the outer tube or body I at thelocation IS. A water intake pipe 2|] is welded or otherwise securelyfixed to the burner nose, and furnishes the means by which a coolantsuch as water, may be directed to the forward end of the water jacket,to prevent burning and rapid deterioration of the burner. Wa-

ter fed to the forward end of the water jacket through the supply pipe28 is exhausted at the discharge pipe 2| located near the rear end ofthe water jacket. A jacket blow-off, or clean out tube, likewise locatednear the rear end of the water jacket, is indicated at 22. This tube 2'2may normally be capped or plugged, as indicated at 23 upon Fig. 1.

From the foregoing it will readily be understood that a continuous flowof coolant through the water jacket will preserve and protect it againstburning or deteriorating under the intense heat of the furnace interior.The water jacket, of course, is completely separated from the gasmanifold and the interior of gas tube I2, in any suitable manner. Asindicated upon Fig. 2, the rear end of the body tube 1 may be welded asat ,24 to an annular flanged ring 25, which ring has a shoulder 26bearing upon the outer surface of the gas tube |2 to support said tube,while by means of suitable packing '21 and a gland 28, a leak proofconnection is effected to preclude leakage of water from the waterjacket to the gas chamber defined by tube |2. The flanged ring 25 may befixed to the flange 29 of the gas manifold l4 in any suitable manner asby means of bolts or screws, Fig. 1.

Centrally of the gas tube, there is supported a fuel tube 3!) having aforward open end'that terminates at the nose of the burner. The fueltube is surrounded throughout the major portion of its length, by asteam jacket tube 3 I, these-tubes 30 and 3| being spaced apartsufliciently to permit a flow of steam to exhaust at the nose of theburner as long as the burner is in operation. The steam jacket formed bythe tube -3| provides simple and efficient means for continuouslyheating the fuel pipe and thereby conditioning the fuel for instant andcomplete combustion forwardly of the burner nose. Steam for the jacketis supplied from the chamber 32 of a steam head or manifold housing 33,which [is] has an entry port 68 connected to a source of supply by meansof a suitable pipe or tube 34. The rear end 35 of the fuel tubepreferably is supported by the steam head, in communication andalignment with the mixer outlet port 67, preferably with the employmentof a threaded connection indi cated at 36. The steam head is providedwith annular flanges 31 and 38 to be bolted or otherwise securely fixedrelative to the flanges39 and 4|] of the atomizer housing 4| and the gashead l4. By removing the atomizer housing 4 I access may be had to thefuel tube for cleaning or replacement when necessary.

It may be here stated that the atomizer housing is shown only in aconventional manner, but it consists essentially of an atomizing chamber42 into which a liquid fuel such as oil is fed by means of a pipe 43,while a stream of atomizing gas such as steam under pressure enters theatomizer chamber by way of the tube 44.

The central fuel tube 30 will be seen to extend from the atomizerhousing to the tip of the burner, and throughout the greater portion ofthis distance the fuel tube is kept in a heated state by the flow ofsteam under pressure passing from the chamber 32 forwardly through thejacket formed by the concentric tubes 36 and 3|. These tubes may be keptin concentric spaced relationship in any suitable manner, asv by meansof the projections or pimples 45 formed upon the outer surface of thefuel tube. At the, flanges 38 and 40 of the steam head and the gas head,the rear end of the steam tube 3| may be supported in a bushing 46 screwthreaded into the open end of the steam chamber, as indicated at 4 1-.It may be noted that bushing 46 affords a connection sufficiently tightto prevent the passage of steam from chamber 32 to the gas chamberindicated at l5. Thus, steam, under pressure will be discharged from thetip of the burner independently of the stream of gas discharged. fromthe space,

4 surrounding the steam tube 3|. A spider or other supporting device 48within the gas tube I2 may furnish the necessary support to maintain thesteam tube and the fuel tube in axial relationship with the burner body.

The use of oxygen under pressure has proven highly effective in a burnerof this type, to enhance the quality and heating performance of theflame resulting from the discharge of fuel oil, combustible gas, andsteam at the tip of the burner. It has been discovered that the variouscombustible elements, in order to provide a most effective andserviceable flame, should mix at a point in advance of the burner tip,rather than within the structure of the burner. A high velocity of fueldischarge is preferred, and it is essential that the liquid fuelemployed shallcombine with the oxygen and the gas at an elevatedtemperature such as the steam jacket surrounding the fuel tube provides.The supply of oxygen for the flame will preferably be, brought to theburner tip in the manner now to be explained.

At a location near the rear end of the burner body, oxygen underpressure may be supplied by means of a pipe 5!], to the several oxygentubes El, 52, and 53 which extend along substantially the full length ofthe burner body. These oxygen tubes may find support in three separateinteriorly threaded apertures of the steam head 33, one of whichapertures is indicated at 54 upon Fig. 2. The tube 5| extends forwardlyand has and end 55 terminating near the burner tip. The end of theoxygen tube may beexteriorly threaded as at 56, to accommodate aninternally threaded oxygen tip 51 which is somewhat larger indiameterthan the oxygen-tube; By reason of its greater diameter, the oxygen tip,resting upon the forward end of the gas tube l2, so elevates the forwardend of the oxygen tube as to direct its stream of oxygen toward theaxis, of the fuel tube, the point of 'convergen'cy being located well inadvance of the burner tip. By supplying oxygen tips 51 of varyingdiameters, the mint of convergency may be established at greater 'orles'sr distances from the tip of the burner.

At the rear end, the oxygen tube 5| communicates with a socket 58'formed preferably within the body of the steam head or manifold housing33. Similar sockets entirely separated from one another, are formedwithin the head to communicate with the remaining oxygen tube 52, and53, respectively. By means of a valve '60, oxygen from the manifold'elfed by the supply pipe 50, may be fed selectively to the oxygen tubes,and in addition, the valve is provided with an arrangement of portswhereby oxygen may be directed. into all of the oxygen tubessimultaneously. That is to say, by rotating the movable valve. elementBli'to selected positions, the operator may cause oxygen under pressureto enter selected, onesof the tubes, or all of them simultaneously, for.discharge of the oxygen stream at the tip of the burner. For thispurpose, the valve may be provided with a head 62 to accommodate awrench or lever, and if desired, the valve may be indexed with respectto. a point 63. as suggested by Fig. 5. of the drawings. As the .portarrangement of such. a valve will readily be understood by thosefamiliar with distribution of gases and liquids from a manifold, it isconsidered unnecessary to burden this description, with a protractedexplanation of the relative disposition and angular relationship of allthe valve ports with respect to one another. It is material only thatthe valveshall so function as to distributeoxygen under '5 pressureSelectively to the several oxygen tubes '5l-52-53, or to all Of thetubes simultaneously, upon predetermined rotation or other manipulationof the control valve. As herein suggested, with particular reference toFig. 4, the valve may be of the tapered plug type held upon its seat bymeans of a washer 64 and nut 65, in accordance with common practice.

It has been explained that the middle one of the oxygen tubes, indicatedat I, slopes upwardly toward the nose end of the burner, so that itsaxis will intersect the axis of the central fuel tube at a point well inadvance of the burner tip. The remaining oxygen tubes 52 and 53 likewiseslope upwardly, and inwardly also at their forward ends, so that all ofthem will direct their respective oxygen streams to approximately thesame point of convergency with the axis of the fuel tube 30. It willaccordingly be understood that the forward ends of the oxygen tubes arespaced apart a lesser distance than are the rear ends thereof. Thisdisposition of the oxygen tubes, while perhaps not absolutely essentialto a proper operation of the burner, is nevertheless preferable andresults in a ver desirable type of flame having a maximum heatingfunction. 7

Each of the oxygen tubes is to be furnished with a tip such as isindicated at 51 of Fig. 2, and all of the tips are subject toreplacement with tips of different diameters, so that the severalstreams of oxygen may be directionally altered to obtain the mosteffective flame adjustment for maximum performance.

While in the present disclosure a particular form of valve 60 isillustrated, and housed within the part referred to as the steam head ormanifold housing 33, it is by no means essential that the valve shall beof the type illustrated upon the drawings. Neither is it essential thatthe particular part 33 shall support the valve, since obviously thevalve may be located exteriorly of the burner apparatus, to control flowof oxygen to individual short pipes or tubes communicating with the rearends of the several oxygen tubes. In some instances, where the type ofinstallation permits, the oxygen control valve may be omitted entirely,with each of the oxygen tubes being fed equal amounts of oxygen from acommon source of supply.

It is to be understood that various other modifications and changes inthe structural details of the apparatus may be made, within the scope ofthe appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.Instead of oxygen as a fuel supplement, one ma utilize some othercombustion supporting gas possessing the necessary qualities for thepurposes herein recited.

What is claimed is:

1. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a burner bodyincluding a cooling jacket tubular in form and having an open passagewayaxially within it, a fuel tube extending longitudinally through saidpassageway, and having a fuel inlet end and an outlet end, fuelatomizing means at the inlet end of the fuel tube, a second tubesurrounding the fuel tube in spaced relationship, to provide a heatingfluid chamber extending substantially from end to end of the fuel tubes,said heating fluid chamber being open at the outlet end of the fuel tubefor discharge of heating fluid in the direction of the fuel discharge,means for directing a heating fluid into said chamber, means to projecta plurality of independent oxygen streams in the general direc- 6 tionof heating fluid and fuel discharge, and means for controlling saidoxygen streams.

2. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a tubularelongated burner body having an apertured nose end and a rear end, anelongated inner tube extending from the nose to the rear end of theburner body to establish within the burner body a cooling jacket, asteam manifold housing on the rear end of the burner body, including anentry port for steam under pressure, a fuel mixer near the rear of thebody and having a port [aligned with the axis of the burner body], afuel tube [communicating] aligned with the fuel mixer port andcommunicating therewith and passing through the steam manifold housingand the cooling jacket tube, to terminate at the nose aperture of theburner, said fuel tube being smaller in diameter than the nose apertureand having its adjacent end open and in spaced relation [approximateconcentricity] to the wall of said aperture, a steam tube larger indiameter than the fuel tube and surrounding the latter in spacedrelation thereto, said steam tube extending from the burner nose to thesteam manifold housing, for conveying steam from said housing about andalong the length of the fuel tube and discharging same through [thespace at] the nose aperture, means supporting the steam tube in spaced[approximate concentricity] relation with both the fuel tube and theinner tube of the cooling jacket, and oxygen feeding means projectingthrough the space between the steam tube and the cooling jacket, andterminating approximately at the nose aperture of the burner.

3. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a tubularelongated burner body having an apertured nose end and a rear end, anelongated inner tube extending from the nose to the rear end of theburner body to establish within the burner body a cooling jacket, asteam manifold housing on the rear end of the burner body, including anentry port for steam under pressure, a fuel mixer [having a port alignedwith the axis of the burner body] near the rear of the body and having aport, a fuel tube [communicating] aligned with the fuel mixer port andcom.- municating therewith and passing through the steam manifoldhousing and the cooling jacket tube, to terminate at the nose apertureof the burner, said fuel tube being smaller in diameter than the noseaperture and having its adjacent end open and in spaced relation[approximate concentricity] to the wall of said aperture, a steam tubelarger in diameter than the fuel tube, and surrounding the latter inspaced relation thereto, said steam tube extending from the burner noseto the steam manifold housing, for conveying steam from said housingabout and along the length of the fuel tube and discharging same through[the space at] the nose aperture along the axis of the burner body, asource of oxygen under pressure, tube means terminating at the nose end,said tube means being open at the nose end, the open end of said tubemeans being spaced from the fuel tube and being directed toward and atan acute angle to the fuel tube axis, and means for introducing oxygenfrom said source into said tube means to leave the tube means at theopen end, whereby the oxygen is projected to intersect the fuel andsteam discharge at a location remote from the burner nose.

4. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a tubularelongated body having an apertured nose and and a rear end, an elongatedihner tube extending from the: nos'eto-the: rear:

end oft the burner bodyto estahlishwithimthe,

burnerbody a coolin jacket, a steam: manifold housing on the rear end;of the burner. body; r in: cluding" an. entry port. for steanr underpressure," a" fuel mixer" [having a port aligned .with. the axis of:the. burner body} 'zrearrflie rear 015- the body and. having: av portafuel tube [communicatingl' aligned with: the. fuel mixer port. and:emnmurni eating therewith and: passing through-zthe steam manifoldhousing and the cooling vjacket 7 tube; to terminate atthe nose apertureof theaburnensaid fuel tube being smaller in diameter than theinose,aperture and "having; its adjacent end open andyirr spaced relation[approximate concentritzity]; 130(- the ,wall of" said aperture;alsteam; tube. larger in; diameter thansthefuel tube, and; surrounding:the

latter'in spaced: relation thereto; saidi steam tube extending from theburnernose: to the steammanifold" housing; for" conveying: steam from.saidi housing about and alongyther length ofthe fuel tube-anddischarging same-through [the spaceat] the nose aperture along; the.axisof: the burner body, tube" meanslocateda within said; burner bodyhaving a: discharge opening located in the nose of theyburner and;spaced fromv the fuel tube, and an inlet at the rear. end of said-burnerbody, towhich a source of supply of oxygen under pressuremay beconnected, the clischarge end of said-tube means-being: disposedrat suchan angle with respect to thel-ine of: discharge 1 of fuel from:the'nosezend of the fuel tube that the oxygen discharging from said tubemeans: intersects the steamandfuei discharging;- from theburner at alocation remote from the burner nose, and control means for saidv oxygendischarging tube means.

A humerirraccordancewitlrclaiflr 1 charmterized: by: the fact. that the;oxygen streamprojectin-gv meansv comprises a2 plurality" oftubes .dis-

posed. Within the: burner-body and: having; their discharge endssupported; in. the outlet end of said burner body below and inspacedmelation tov the? outlet:v ofrsaidf fuel: tube, theopposite end ofsaid oxygen carrying tubes beinggin'the inlet end:

of: saidzburnerbod and connected to said oxygen controlling means,v saidoxygen. carrying tubes having their discharge ends inelinedqat an:angletowards the axis of said fuel tube-tocause the oxygendischarging'therefrom to intersect the stream: of, fueldischarging from said. fuel.tube. at a pointflforwardly of the discharge end of said fuelrtube.

JOHN MARSHAJJJCROVVE.v

REFERENCES CITED The following;references are of record in thefile; ofthispatent or, the original-patent: UNITED STATES PATENTS? Number Name,Date 378L326 Lewis Feb; 271, 1888 541,310 Broadwell June-18', 189-5955,092 McGahan Apr. 12, 1910 1,588,634 Wallstrom June 15, 19261,841,698 Barber Jan. 19, 1932 1,85'2j946 Topper Apr. 5; 1932 2303;648Lemster et a1 Dec: 1, 1942- 2,338,'623 Crowe Jan; 4, 1944 2,362,085Morgan Nov; 7, 1944-- 2,385,l53 Morton Sept; 18, 1945' 21412579" Hauzvie.Dec. 17, 1946

